Educational toy



6 Sheets-Sheet l IN V EN TOR.

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CHILDQE'N'S m 1,71 @l 12.3 45 6V.89 OH..

Oct. 27, 1953 Filed May e, 1952 @Mm/5mm 10m Amie/VEYS l. P. PESCATORI EDUCATIONAL TOY Oct. 27, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 6, 1952 60 FVG. 3. 6, 7g l l `J59 ,68

Oct. 27, 1953 l. P. PEscAToRl EDUCATIONAL TOY 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 6. 1952 VIII/11% INV/wrox /G//va 0. 055047064 l. P. PESCATORI EDUCATIONAL TOY Oct. 27, 1953 Filed May 6, 1952 INVENTOR. /6//1/0 lo. P$C4704/,

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I. P. PESCATORI EDUCATIONAL TOY Oct. 27, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 5, 1952 /46 INVENTOR.

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Patented Oct. 27, 1953 UNITED STATES iATENT OFFICE EDUCATIONAL TOY Igino P. Pescatori, New York, N. Y.

Application May 6, 1952, Serial No. 286,239

4 Claims.

This invention relates to educational toys, and more particularly to an improved educational device for teaching multiplication and the use of the multiplication table.

The main object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved educational device for teaching multiplication, said device being simple in construction, being easy to operate, providing a useful and entertaining means for teaching a child the use of the multiplication table, and being especially suitable for use in classrooms as an aid in instruction in multiplication.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved educational toy device for teaching multiplication, said device being inexpensive to manufacture, being rugged in construction, being compact in size, and being operable by very simple manipulations.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved educational device for teaching the use of the multiplication table, said device including unique signal means providing a distinctive indication when the movable index elements thereof have been correctly positioned, the signal device providing a positive indication of the product obtained by the multiplication of two selected numerals, and providing a means of determining a product obtained by multiplying two such selected numerals in a positive and direct manner.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and claims, and from the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a plan view of one form of educational toy constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is an edge elevational view of the educational toy device of Figure l.

Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional View taken on the line 3 3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a horizontal cross sectional View taken on the line 5 5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is an enlarged cross sectional detail view taken on the line 6 6 of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of another form of educational toy constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 8 is an enlarged cross sectional detail View taken on the line 8 8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a perspective view of still another form of educational toy device constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure l0 is a fragmentary perspective view of kil a further modiiled form of educational toy device according to the `present invention.

Figure 11 is an enlarged cross sectional detail view taken on the line Il l I of Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a perspective View of a still further modified form of educational toy device according to the present invention.

Figure 13 is an enlarged cross sectional detail view taken on the line |3 |3 of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a perspective view of a still further modifled form of educational toy device according to the present invention.

Figure 15 is an enlarged cross sectional detail View taken on the line |5 |5 of Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a fragmentary perspective view of a still further modified form of educational toy device according to the present invention.

Figure 1'7 is an enlarged cross sectional detail view taken on the line Il l'l of Figure 15.

Figure 18 is a top plan View, partly in cross section, of a still further modiiied form of educational toy device according to the present inven tion.

Figure 19 is a side elevational view of the toy device of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a cross sectional View taken on the line 20 2U of Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a top view of a still further modiiied form of educational toy device according to the present invention.

Figure 22 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on the line 22 22 of Figure 21.

Figure 23v is a. side elevational view of the toy device of Figures 21 and 22.

Figure 24 is an enlarged cross sectional detail vieW taken on the line 24 2ii of Figure 22.

Figure 25 is a perspective view of a further form of educational toy device according to the present invention.

Figure 26 is a fragmentary perspective view of a still further modication of the improved educational toy device of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures 1 to 6, one form of educational toy device according to the present invention is designated generally lat 3l land comprises a rectangular or square board 32 of translucent material, such as translucent plastic, or the like, and 33 designates a rectangular or square housing to which the board 32 is secured and forms the top Wall thereof. The surface of the board 32 is inscribed with the numbers of a conventional multiplication table arranged in the circular areas shown in dotted View at 34 and will normally not be seen, but will be rendered visible when illuminated from below. Designated at 35 is a slot formed in the board 32 adjacent the left side of the multiplication table, as viewed in Figure 1, and designated at 36 is a slot formed in the board 32 adjacent the top row of the multiplication table, the slots 35 and 36 being substantially coextensive with the marginal rows of the multiplication table, as shown in Figure 1. Inscribed on the 'left marginal portion of the board 32 adjacent the slot 35 is a row of consecutive numerals from l to 12, aligned with the respective horizontal rows of numerals of the multiplication table, as viewed in Figure 1. Inscribed on the top marginal portionof the board 32 adjacent the slot 36 is a second row of consecutive numerals from "1 to 12, aligned with the respective vertical rows'of numeralsV on the multiplication table, as viewed in Figure 1. Secured in the housing 33 adjacent the left side wall thereof, as viewed in Figure 5, is a iiat ribbon or strap bar member 3'! of electrically conducting material, the bottom of said 'bar member being formed with the apertures 38 which are evenly spaced along the bar member, as shown in Figure 5. The bar member 3'! is located below the row of marginal numerals at the left side of the board 32 and the apertures 38 are vertically aligned with the spaces between successive numerals,

As shown in Figure 5, the bar member 3'! is positioned between the left side wall of the housing, designated at 39, and a rib 4G rising from the oor of the housing and extending parallel to the wall 39. Designated at 4! is a flashlight battery which is secured between an upstanding l Contact lug 42 formed on the end of the bar member 3'! and an upstanding contact flange 43 formed on a horizontallyextending conductive bar member 44 secured in the housing 33 adjacent the rea-r wall 45 thereof, and secured between said rear wall :and a longitudinally extending, upstanding rib 45 formed on the iioor of the housing and extending parallel to the rear wall 45. As shown in Figure 5, the' center contact 4'! of the battery engagesthe contact ange 43, whereas the casing of the battery 4! engages the contact lug 42. The bar member 44 is formed with uniformly spaced apertures 43 disposed below the top row of numerals from "1 to 12, as viewed in Figure 1, each aperture 48 being vertically alignedwith the space between two successive numerals.

Rising from the iioor of the housing 33 and extending adjacent the right side wall B thereof, as shown in Figure 5 is an upstanding rib 5 I, the rib 5i extending parallel to the rib 40. Rising from the bottom wall of the housing 33 adjacent the forward wall 52 thereof, as viewed in Figure 5, is an upstanding rib 53, extending adjacent and parallel to the forward wall 52 and parallel to the rib 45,

Designated at 54 is a first 'bar member having respective channeled end portions 55 and 56 slidably engaged on the ribs 45 and 5i and guided thereby for movement along said ribs in a direction parallel to the slot 35,' the bar'member 54 being maintained at right angles to said slot by the cooperation of the channeled elementsV 55 and 56 with the ribs 43 and 5l. The leftend of the bar member 54 is formed adjacent the channeled element 55 with a depending contact'member 5'! which slidably engages the conductive bar 3'!, it being understood that the bar member 54 is of conductive material whereas the housing 33 is of insulating material. The 'bar'member f element 52.

54 is formed with the parallel upstanding marginal walls 53, 58 which are outwardly offset with respect to the channel-shaped lower portion of the bar member 54, as shown in Figure 4. At the left end portion of the bar member 54, the walls 53, 58 are integrally formed with upstanding, parallel vertical arms 53, 53 which extend through the slot 35 and have secured to their top ends the index pointer. element (Figure 3) extending at right angles to the slot 35 and crossing said slot, as shown in Figure 1.

Designated at 62 is a second bar member extending at right angles to the bar member 54 and located above the bar member 54 subadjacent to the board 32. The bar member 62 is formed of conductive material and is formed with theelongated slot 33 extending substantially for its full length. As shown in Figure 3, the bar member 62 is provided with the depending parallel side flanges G4, 64 and is formed with downwardly facing channel elements E5 and 55 at its opposite ends slidably engaging the respective upstanding ribs 4E and 53 to guide the bar member 62 for movement along the slot 3S and to retain Said bar member 63 at right angles with respect to slot 35 The rear end of the bar member 62 is formed with a depending contact element 3'! slidahly enga-ging the bar 44.

Designated at 68 is acylindrical shell element of insulating material whose lower portion is slidably received between the upstanding wall elements 5S, 58 of the bar member 54 and whose upper portion slidably received between the depending side flanges 54, 54 of the upper `bar Secured to the 'bottom of the shell member 53 is the metal cup 'i3 which makes sliding conta-ct with the bottom wall of the bar member 552-, as shown in Figure 6. 'Secured in the shell element 68 is the screw threaded lamp .socket shell 'Il which may be formed with an annular top iiange '!2 making sliding contact with the top wall `of the bar member 52, as shown in Figure 6. Mounted in the socket shell 1| is a iiashlight bulb 'I3 whose bottom contact 'Z4 is -in'engagement with the cup member 13, as shown in Figure 6, and is therefore electrically ccnnected to the bottom wall of bar member 54.

It will be readily apparent that when the contact elements 5'! and 3'! are in positions engaging the respective bars 3'! and 44, namely in positions between adjacent apertures 38, 38 and 48,

' 48, the battery 4! will be connected to the flashlight lamp 'I3 and will energize said lamp.

The bar member 52 is formed adjacent its rear 4end with the upstanding arms 15, 'i5 which extend through the slot 35 and which have secured to their top ends the index pointer element 'i6 crossing and extending at right angles to the slot 35.

When the respective index elements and 'I6 are positioned adjacent selected numerals along the slots 35 and 3B, the contact elements 5'! and 3'! will engage portions of the bars 3! and 44 between respeetiveadjacent apertures 38, 3S and 43, 48 and will therefore energize the flashlight lamp 13. The energization of the lamp produces illumination below the product number of the multiplication table associated with the numerals selected by the indexelement 60 and 13 and will thus provide an indication of the correct answer obtained by multiplying said numerals.

The bar member 3'! is formed at its opposite ends with slots 17, 'H in which the contact element 5'! may be received when it is desired to deenergize the device. Similarly, the bar member |14 is formed at one end with a slot 18 and at the other end with a notch 19, in either of which the contact element 61 may be received when it is desired to deenergize the device.

It will be obvious that when the index elements 80 and 16 are not correctly aligned with factor numerals adjacent the slots 35 and 36, the contact elements 61 and 51 will engage in openings 48 and 38 and will therefore prevent energization of the flashlight lamp '13.

Referring now to Figures 7 and 8, another form of the invention is designated generally at 80 and comprises a rectangular or square board 8| provided with a multiplication table 82 thereon, the board being provided with a first row of consecutive numerals from l to 12 along the side margin of the multiplication table and respectively align with the rows of product numerals in the multiplication table, and with a second row of consecutive numerals from 1 to 12 along the top row of product numerals and aligned with the vertical rows of product numerals of the multiplication table. Designated at 83 is a first indicator wire formed with hook portions 84 at its opposite ends slidably engaged over the side edges of the board 8|, and designated at 85 is a second indicator wire having opposite hook portions 86 at its opposite ends slidably engaged over the forward and rear margins of the board 8|, as shown in Figure 7. The hook portions 84 and 8S maintain the respective indicator wires 83 and 85 at right angles to each other and guide said wires for movement parallel to the respective opposite margins of the board 8|. In using the device of Figures 7 and 8, the indicator Wire 83 is first positioned over one of the factor numerals along the side margin of the multiplication table, and the indicator wire 85 is then positioned over one of the factor numerals along the top margin of the multiplication table, as shown in Figure '7, whereby the product of said factor numerals will be indicated at the intersection of the wires 83 and 85.

In the form of the invention shown in Figure 9, the board 8| is similar to that shown in Figures 7 and 8. Designated at 83' is a bar member of transparent plastic material having opposite hook portions 84 slidably engaging the opposite side edges of the board 8|, and designated at 85 is a second bar member of transparent plastic material having the opposite hook portions 86' slidably engaging the forward and rear edges of the board 8l. In using the device of Figure 9, the transparent bar member 83 is disposed over a factor numeral at the left side of the multiplication table, as viewed in Figure 9, and the transparent bar member 85 is disposed over another selected factor numeral along the top margin of the multiplication table, whereby the product of the selected factor numerals will be indicated at the intersecting overlapping portions of the bar members 83 and 85', as shown in Figure 9.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figures and 11, the board, as designated at 8|' has the raised marginal ribs 85', 85 at its opposite side edges. Designated at 86" is a slidable bar member formed of a single piece of wire bent to define opposed U-shaped hook portions 81, 81 which are respectively slidably engaged around the ribs 85', 85 at the side margins of the board 8|'. The main body of the bar element 86 comprises two parallel rod elements 88, 88 as shown in Figure 10. Designated at 89 is a second bar element formed of a single piece of rigid wire having its ends connected and looped 6 in the manner shown in Figure 10, the looped ends of the bar element being formed to define the U-shaped hook members 98 which are respectively slidably engaged with the forward and rear margins of the board 8|'. The main body of the bar element 89 thus consists of a pair of parallel wire rod elements 9|, 9| which intersect the wire elements 88, 88 at right angles, as shown in Figure l0. In using the device of Figures 1() and 1l, the slider bar 88 is first positioned so that one of the factor numerals at the left marginal side of the multiplication table is positioned between the rod elements 88, 88. The slider member 89 is then positioned so that one of the factor numerals at the top marginal portion of the board is positioned between the wire rod elements 9|, 9|. The product of the selected factor nu merals may then be found in the square defined by the intersecting rod elements 88, 88 and 9|, 9 I.

It will be understood that the ribs 85' provide a clearance therebetween for the slider bar 89 whereby the slider bar 86" may overlie the slider bar 89, the height of the rib elements 85', 85 above the intervening surface of the board 8| being approximately the same as the thickness of the wire stock of which the slider member 89 is formed. It will further be understood that each of the slider members 86 and 89 are formed of asingle piece of wire having its ends connected to define a closed loop, the loop being then elongated and formed at its opposite ends with the U-shaped hook elements which are shaped to slidably engage the respective opposite side marginal edges of the board 8 Referring now to the form of the invention shown in Figures 12 and 13 the board is designated at 93 and is rectangular or square in shape, the respective corners of the board having the upstanding thickened portions 92 which are triangular in shape, as shown in Figure 12. Designated at 83' is a rst transparent plastic bar, similar to that employed in Figure 9, which is provided at its end with the hook portions 811 slidably engaging the opposite side edges of the board 93. Designated at 85 is another transparent plastic bar having the hook portions 86 at its opposite ends slidably engaging the forward and rear margins of the board 93. The operation of the device of Figures l2 and 13 is the same as that of Figure 9, except that the transparent slide bars B3 and 85 are retained on the board by the triangular abutments 92 at the respective corners of the board, whereby said sliding bars cannot be removed and hence cannot be lost.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 14 and 15, the board is designated generally at 93 and is formed with the marginal slots 94, 9s adjacent the respective sides of the board and with the marginal slots 95, 95 adjacent the respective forward and rear margins of the board. The hooked ends 84', 84 of the transparent slide bar 83 are engaged through the slots 94, 94 in the manner shown in Figure 14, and the hooked ends 88', 86 are engaged through the slots 95, as shown, whereby the slidable members 83 and 85 cannot be detached from the board, and hence, cannot be lost. The operation of the de vice of Figures 14 and 15 is the same as that of Figures 9 and 12.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 16 and 17, the board is designated at 96 and is formed along its side margins with the elongated notches 91, 91 and along its forward and rear margins with the elongated notches 98, 98. The

" movement along said groove. Ysurface of the body Iii-is` a vmultiplication table,

g2g-engere shoivn and the hooked ends86,86..of. the .transparent slidebar 85 are. slidably;engagedginthe notches vE28, '98, as shown,..wherebyi.the.slide'bars may bemoved. and manipulatediuthe samemanner as described in connectioniwiththel. forms of the inventionshown in Figures.f9,f.12zand14, but cannctbe detached `from .the boardibecause of the restraintimposed; by the. corners .of'zthe board.

Referring now tothe form. of. theiinvention shown in Figures 18, 19and-.20,x,designatedl at |393y is a cylindrical body formed .alongits 'surface with a groove 'im Hextending parallel to .the

axis of the body. Designated at |02 is a generally circular ring formed of relatively-stili Wire having the inwardly directed loop.y |-031slidably-received in the' groove-13| to guide the'f ring for and said body is provided withl a marginalrow of factor numerals from "lto l2 extending parallel to the groove ||3|,namely, a'fdirection parallel to the axis of. the bodyfas shoWn in.-

Figure l. Designated at |04 is afverticalindicator element formed'of stiff Wireforthe like having the radial end arms |35 and TIES-which terminate in axial stud'portions |81 and '|38 received in axial bores |09- and H3 formedin'the opposite'endsor the body |33. vvAs shown hilfigure 20, the straightouter portion of the'indicator member Hillextends across and intersects' the circular ring'rnember` |32'- at rightangles. "The top end of the body |33 -is inscribed along =its1pe 'riphery with a row of factor numerals from" F1 to 12 Whichare respectively aligned with' vertical rows of their associated product .numbers on the multiplication tablel providedon the-'exu ternal surface of the body 13|). T tIn yusingthe device, the upper radial arm |35 of the indicator member it isset over a; selected factor numeral yand the ring member |62 is-moveduntilit is disposed over anotherfactor numeral, as shown in Figures 18 and 19,Whereby-the productiebtained bymultiplying the Vselected'factor numerals will be determined at the intersection of the straight outer portion of the indicatorfmember |311 with the ring member |02. It Willfbe understood that the stud elements |01 and '|38l are rotatable in the -bores |33 and HS, and` thering Ymember |52 is freely slidable `inf-.an axial direction along the cylindrical body |00.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figures 21 to 24, the device is designated generally at it! and comprises a hollow'.cylindricaLbcdy H2 formed with a slot H3 :initslouter: surface extending parallel `totthev axisofzthbody `and inscribed adjacent said slot with.. aA row. .of `f actor numerals from l to f12,i..as' vshotvnn Figure 23. rPhe internalsurface; onthebody. ||2-s inscribed with a multiplication table having product numerals arranged in "rows Lhorizontally alignedy with the. respective v.factor `.numeralsmf the aforesaid row. shown at Illis .inscribed along'itsperiphery with a second row of .factor.num'era;ls f vertically aligned with the product numeralsrof..the.multi plication table associated therewith and obtained by multiplying the factor numerals. onthe top wall H3 with the respective factor numerals located adjacent the' slot H3.

The cylindrical body H2 is formed oitranslucent plastic material, and the aforesaidfmulti- -Inscribed -onrthe The. top :Wall .of the body,A

'. thatxdescribedpin:connection with the. form of the;.inventionshcwn in Figures 1 tot.

t Designated at |.`|5-is.an arm pivoted axially to L.the'...top.ivall. H4, .as by afrivet H6 shown in 1`-Figure.22, The top wall H4 is formed with an arcuate slot locatedinivardly'adjacent the 1 peripheral row'of factor numerals onsaid top "Wall, as shown in Figure .21, and secured 'to the end portion of the arm isa metal barrmern- -ber H8 Which extends Sthrouglrthesl'ot into .the body |2Sand `is disposed. 'inwardly adjacent i tol and :parallel 'with the outer,A wall.` ofy the.' body, as shownrlin 'Figure22. Secured Iaxiallyiingtlie body 1| 2 -by vsuitable 'insulatingzbraclretLmernbers i H9, v| |9 are the'ashlight:batteries .|23 and |2| which are'supportedin :series contact, as-'.shown 'infv Figure 22. The casing of the bottom battery L|2| engages 1 a' radial contact. arm 1.221 formed .atthe rend 'of aAmetal bar |23 secured Vto the Y Wall `of l.body |2 along the slot H3. .'The. cen- --ter'contact ofthaupper battery .|29 is `engaged 1 by a resilient.` contact arm: v| 24= secured. .to A.the

.depending elongated bar llandbeingiin rotatplication table is inscribedion the.insdesur-facet g5 rable .'engagement .with said center lcontact. V:T e'signated at '125,1 |25Larel respective circular ring .'zmembers which i are secured v'.'in parallel spaced Irelationship:tota metal'braclret member T2255. slidablyengaging thebarV |23 .and having arnarm'porticn .IZ'VeXtending.through 'the slot H3' and carrying'. anindexpointer. element |28,

. as shown iin Figurei23. '.'The'indexpointerelement |28 isarranged horizontally,1as shown and may .-befpcsitionediadjacent: a selected cneyof thefa'ctor numerals. provided along the. slot H3. lAs showniin Figure 24, the depending arm H3 comprises 'thetparallelzwire rod elements |29, .|253 .which may r'ormthensidev armsof a..U-,shaped `loop, the top Aends of-isaid side arms being'rigidiy secured to the radialzarm H5. vDesignated at 13|); iszant annular. plastic i shellk member formed 'with a peripheral flange .|3Land'having a .lampireceiving; metal shell |32.` secured. therein,` said shellzliavingzan external 'flange |33.

Asv shown iin. liignre'fZi,4 :the ilampereceiving shell |32 is ,.zslidably received vbetweenfthe; ringsi |25, A25-.and .the .annulannange .|33 Ais engaged between: the rings |25`tand the 1inside1surface ofthe body |12. The..plastic .shell'frnember |3| is' therefore 5 supported for rotation: around :the spacedy rings |25,c.|25;andis;retainedbetween said rings by .the cooperation ofthe annular ange |3| of the shell member |3and the lflange |33 of the lampreceiving shellL |32. f Securedl to the shank por- :tion: of'.the;.shel1 |30. is a cylindrical vmetal cup |35;havingian.annularmlange |33 and having fsecuredxtheretoLa collar 'element |37` in spaced relationshiptdthe ange |35. 'The vWire arms |29, |29I areLslidably received between the flange V|33 .andthe collar |37, as' shown -in"Figure 24, whereby the Vcup-'member |35- and' the plastic vshell element |3|f` secured 'therein are guided for vertical'. movement between kthe armsl |23, |29. Designated at 31:.is anashlight bulb. which vis mounted .the .xmeta-l shell |32 .and whose center contactengagesthe bottomfwahl ofthe cup'member |35,as shownin' Figure.24.

From the foregoingdescription, it .will be. apparent that the. shell of .the lamp. |31 is electrivcally connected through the element |32 yand the rings` |25.to theacontact'bar |23 :and thus to .the easing. of l the .lower ashlight cell |2|.

Similarly, the center contact of the lamp |31 is electrically connected through the cup member |35 and the vertical wire arms i29, |29 and the radial contact arm |24 to the-center contact of the upper flashlight battery |20. The lamp |37 is thus energized and will illuminate the product numeral of the multiplication table adjacent thereto. This product numeral is the product obtained by multiplying the factor numerals selected by the indicator element |28 and the radial arm I5.

In using the device of Figures 21 to 24, the radial selector arm ||5 is first p-ositioned adjacent one of the factor numerals on the top wall IIC of body Ill. and the index element |251 is then moved along the slot i I3 to a position adjacent one of the factor numerals in the row provided along said slot 3. The lamp I3? will be illuminated and will render visible the product number of the multiplication table obtained by multiplying together the two selected factor numerals. Suitable insulation may be provided on the rings |25, |25 to deenergize the lamp lai when arm II5 is placed in off position.

Figure 25 illustrates a simplified form of educational device according to the present invention comprising a rectangular board idg having a multiplication table inscribed thereon and provided along one side margin with a nrst row of factor numerals from l to 12, designated at I4|, and provided along its top margin with a second row of factor numerals from l to 12, designated at |42, the numerals of row |4| being horizontally aligned with the product numerals of the multiplication table associated therewith and the numerals of the row |42 being vertically aligned with the corresponding product numerals of the multiplication table Aas,- sociated therewith, the product numerals being the results obtained by multiplying together the respective factor numerals of the rows MI and I 42. The device may be provided with circular counters |43, and may be used by placing a rst counter on a selected factor numeral of the row I4I and placing a second counter |43 on another selected factor numeral of the row |42. The product obtained by multiplying the two selected factor numerals will be located by determining the intersection of the rows of product numerals on the multiplication table aligned with the respective selected factor numerals, as by placing a counter |43 at the intersection of the rows thus determined.

In the form of the invention shown in Figure 26, the board designated at Hit and is provided with a multiplication table inscribed thereon, as well as with the respective rows of factor numerals |fl| and |l2 disposed respectively along the side margin and top margin of the multiplication table. merals of the rows I4! and H12 are respectively aligned with the product numerals of the multiplication table obtained by multiplying the factor numerals together. The board is formed adjacent the respective numerals of the row lill with recesses |45 and is formed adjacent the numerals of the row |42 with recesses Ille. Each of the spaces of the multiplication table containing a product numeral is likewise formed with a recess I4'I. A plurality of pegs |63 are provided, and the device is used by placing a rst peg |48 in one of the recesses associated with the factor numerals MI along the side margin of the board and then placing a second peg Idil in one of the recesses |46 associated with the factor As in Figure 25, the factor nuoli numerals in the row |42 along the top margin of the multiplication table. As in the form of the invention shown in Figure 25, the product numeral may be determined by locating the intersection of the rows aligned with the selected factor numerals, and may be located by placing a peg I 48 in the recess |131 in the space containing the product numeral.

While certain specific embodiments of an improved educational device for teaching multiplication have been disclosed in the foregoing description, it will be understood that various modications within the spirit of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that no limitations be placed on the invention except as deiined by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. An educational device for teaching multiplication comprising a body having a first group of numerals from l to 12 extending in one direction thereon, said body being provided with respective rows of product numerals beginning with the respective numerals of said first group and extending at right angles to the rst group of numerals, a second group of numerals from 1 to l2 on said body and extending along the top marginal row of product numerals, respective indicator elements movably mounted on said body, one indicator element extending parallel to said respective rows of product numerals and the other indicator element extending parallel to said rst group of numerals, said indicator elements overlapping each other at right angles, an indicator lamp slidably connected to both indicator elements at the intersection of the indicator elements, a battery, means on the indicator elements slidably connected to the respective electrical terminals of the lamp, and means on the body arranged to electrically connect the indicator elements to the respective terminals of the battery when the indicator elements are positioned respectively adjacent selected numerals of the first and second groups.

2. An educational device for teaching multiplication comprising a translucent body having a first group of numerals from l to 12 extending vertically thereon, said body being provided with respective horizontal rows of product numerals beginning with the respective numerals of said first group and extending at right angles to the rst group of numerals, a second group of numerals from l to l2 on said body and BX- tending horizontally along the top marginal row of product numerals, respective elongated straight bar elements movably mounted beneath said body and engaging opposite marginal portions thereof, one bar element extending parallel to said respective rows of product numerals and the other bar element extending parallel to said first group of numerals, said bar elements overlapping each other at right angles, an indicator lamp slidably connected to both bar elements at the intersection of the bar elements, a battery, means on the bar elements slidably connected to the respective electrical terminals of the lamp, and means secured to the body arranged to electrically connect the bar elements to the respective terminals of the battery when the bar elements are positioned respectively adjacent selected numerals of the first and second groups.

3. An educational device for teaching multiplication comprising a translucent body having a iirst group of numerals from l to 12 extendacume-rae 111 ing vertically thereon, said vloociy being provided.; with respectivehorizontal 'rows :ofproduct'r'n -i merels beginning with the respenitivel numerals' oft'. said 'rst group and extending 'at right anglesto the rst group of numerals, asecond group of; 5 numerals from il to 12 on said 'body' -andreX-'ftending horizontally along the -to'p marginal. row? of product numerals, respective elongated straight;-y bar elements Imovaloly-Hmounted :beneathv said body `and. engaging opposite marginal `portionslo thereof, one `bar element extending parallelztor. said respective roivsy of-product numerals and the.A other bar element 'extendingfparallel to said'rst group of numerals, said bar` elements overlappingV each other at right angles, an indicator lamp slid-' -15 ably connected to both bar elements at the inter-'- section of the bar elements, a battery: means .onu the bar elements slidably connected .'tothexgreispeotive electric. .terminals of; thezlampyandxef- 12 speotive indicator elements; Inova-bly 'mounted mi; said body., one indicator;'element:extending ,nari alleii'to said 'respective'rovvs Tof' productnumerals: and the .other .indicator element extending .par-.z

allel to said rstgroupsof numerals, saidin'dicator elements intersecting each other '.atfright.. angles-.1.. an indicator -lamplslidahly connectedito: both dicator elements. at 1he intersection:ofa the :indi cator elements, a 'pair Lof: batteries Vsupported :inseries kContact:'lpositontwithin said tbody; meansqz'r on the indicator elements slidablyeonnectedtofr the -respectiveelectrical 'terminals fof; theglamp, andmeanson'the 'body and said onefindicator; element electricallyconnecting the indicatonele. mentsto. the respective terminals of thebatterieSr. When'the indicator elements'. are Apositioned-.rem spectivel-y adjacentseleoted numerals .ofzathey firstv y and second groups.

IGINO P;PESCATORIL spective .perforated `plate memberswsecuredftothe 2o body adjacentsa-idtop and sidemargins lthereoi andarranged to electrically connectfthebm 'ele-f Y ments. to the respective terminals ofnthebattery-- whenthe bar elements varefpositioned respectively f adjacent selected f numerals. oi ,thearstz and secr; '25 0ndgroups..

4.1An educational 4devicesforfteaching -f-multi'a plication comprising ,a hollow'. cylindrical. loodyfj-r havinga vrstgroupkof numerals from l" tofflZ. extending longitudinallyalong the external .sur. 3o face thereof, i .said body being provi:led-.onA its,` inner. surface with respective circumferentiak. rows of product-numerals beginning. with .the respective numerals of said rstz group and extend-i e ing atzrightangles to'the first group ofznumerais,;15 a second 'groupfofnumeralsifromfil'to -12{ lon 1 the top surface of saidbody' and v'extending along the top marginal rowvof.product-"numerals, re-I References @Citeden the ille. .oiathis .pgtentf UNITED" STATES 'PATENTS Number Name. Date' 731,171.51 Goodman.. June..16,`1903' '766,360 j. Wiley., May 1'l,1904

1,4(l(l,88"i Liebrnan Dec. 20,1921" 1,425,244 Easton Aug.11 811922 i 1,520,953' Mock.. Dc. 30,1924" 1,527,663 Beery Feb.` 24,'1925 2,239,344.v Sifrit Apr.'22;"1941 2,389,359 Grow N'ov'. 20,' 1945 2,453,909" Harwood. Nov: 16,'19483-` 2,472,439 Rogers June `'1,1'19451.A 2,512,837. f Pescatori June 27;"1950 i FOREIGN:- PATENT-S Number Countryv Date*L 275,020* Italy Junel '9,`'"193(VA 

